Calcium has a sinister side. Although generally associated with strong teeth and bones, it can also lead to arterial plaque and soft tissue calcification if taken on its own. Calcium deposits in our blood vessels cause arterial stiffening and put us at risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Studies have shown that vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 optimise calcium use in the body. Taking these two cofactors with calcium help promote stronger bones and teeth. At the same time, it reduces arterial stiffness and improves arterial elasticity.

Sources of vitamin K2 include natto (a Japanese dish made of fermented soya), and gouda and brie cheese, to name a few. Sadly, the typical modern fast-food-driven diet does not supply sufficient vitamin K2. 

Two main forms of vitamin K2 are available in supplemental form, namely MK-4, and MK-7. Most studies support the use of menaquinone with 7 isoprene residues (MK-7) as found in natto. Several studies have shown that adequate intake of vitamin K2 promotes cardiovascular health by inhibiting the calcification of blood vessel walls.

A Rotterdam study of 4807 healthy men and women over the age of 55 that evaluated calcification of the aorta, heart disease in general and overall mortality found that a diet that supplies at least 32 mcg of vitamin K2 per day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease by 50%.

When taking calcium supplements it is strongly advised to include vitamin K2-rich foods in the diet and to take a supplement that supplies both vitamin D3 and K2.